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The Origin of Novel and its Kinds - II Novels may have any kind of plot form—tragic, comic, satiric, or romantic. But broadly they are of two kinds: the realistic novel and the romance. The realistic novel is a fictional attempt to give the effect of realism, by representing complex characters with mixed motives . These characters are rooted in a social class and operate in a developed social structure. They interact with many other characters, and undergo plausible, everyday modes of experience. Defoe, Fielding, Jane Austen, George Eliot, Anthony Trollope, William Dean Howells, and Henry James belong to this group. A realistic novel focuses on the customs, conversation, and ways of thinking and valuing of a particular social class and it is often called a novel of manners . Jane Austen, Edith Wharton, and John P. Marquand produced this kind of novel. The prose romance , on the other hand, has as precursors the chivalric romance of the Middle Ages and the Gothic no...
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Motivation in Second language Learning : Kinds and Factors

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Dear Students Greetings!! Read the following before you attend the class today; Motivation in Language Learning:   Kinds and Factors Motivation is important for completing any task. The success or failure of a task depends on motivational factors.   Research shows that motivation plays a great role in mastering a foreign language. Gardner says that the desire to learn a language and the attitudes one has will help to develop a   language.  Motivation is of four kinds. Dornyei defines that motivation is of two kinds – ‘ intrinsic ’ and ‘ extrinsic ’. Intrinsic motivation refers to the enjoyable conditions in achieving an action. Extrinsic motivation refers to the external conditions that help in achieving a target, i.e., offering a reward or avoiding a punishment. These two are interdependent. Brown and Gardner explained motivation as ‘ instrumental ’ and ‘integrative’ motivation. If we acquire a language to get a job or to understand a b...
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Dear Students I am providing some links for your textbooks. Plz read the first chapters before you attend the classes. 1. An Introduction to the Study of Literature: https://archive.org/details/introductiontost00hudsrich/page/n7 2. An Outline History of English Literature: http://elib.press/ebook/B005G1GQ0G 3. A Glossary of Literary Terms: https://mthoyibi.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/a-glossary-of-literary-terms-7th-ed_m-h-abrams-1999.pdf 4. Research Methodology https://10142453867335716312.googlegroups.com/attach/c52fc2e316406f26/research%20methodology%20methods%20and%20techniques%20by%20C.R.Kothari.pdf?part=0.1&vt=ANaJVrGpMZhjs8KTp19JYL0gQffvQ9r2GOdgLvIfYBx_ItvMy4mesuj0ABa2bLcug2efOBkwaLfChjmumpkuI8KKi4vtC48PTtVxFP4Md1xjOO169wI-81s You can refer to these books any time by following these links.  Good Luck!
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